Worms is a parasitic worms that live at the expense of humans, animals and plants. In Russia there are about 70 species of parasites that can be transmitted in different ways (direct contact, through water and soil, or through eating contaminated food). However, if you lead a healthy life, to observe personal hygiene, take the right medicines that to get rid of them.
The types of parasites
In the human body can survive different types of worms. To get rid of them, you need to know which kind should be prevented:
- Roundworm;
- Pinworms;
- Giardia;
- Swine and bovine capni;
- Toxocara;
- Tapeworm broad;
- The Echinococcus.
Roundworm – a common type of parasites in the human body. Length of the adult worm reaches 40 cm affects the small intestines of children and adults. Infection with this parasite causes the disease ascariasis.
Pinworms – a kind of round parasites that are more common in children because of ignoring the rules of personal hygiene. Pinworms cause the disease enterobiasis.
Giardia is a parasite that is found in 20% of children around the world, rarely in adults. In the affected area are sections of the intestine, rarely the bladder, liver and bile ducts. Worms causing the disease giardiasis.
Swine and bovine capni – two species of parasites, similar. They are flat worms that enter the human body by eating infected animal meat. Length of the pork tapeworm can reach 3 meters, and the bull – 10 meters. During maturation of helminth eggs come out with feces.
Toxocara is a parasitic round worm which belongs to the group of Ascaris. It spreads through eggs located in the feces of animals and is able to continue its development in a wet environment. Length of the adult worm reaches 30 cm Worms cause the disease toxocariasis.
The broad tapeworm is a parasite that lives in the human body the longest. The maximum life span of the parasite is up to 25 years, and the maximum length is 10 meters. Eggs and larvae enter the human body in the use of poorly heat-treated fish, crayfish and caviar.
Echinococcus is a parasite ribbon-like shape. It affects the internal organs: liver and lungs, less frequently the eyes, brain and heart. Its length is small – only 8 mm high. At the initial stages of the disease develops little or no symptoms.
Ways of infection
To protect themselves from parasites, you need to know about the four most common methods of infection with the eggs of worms:
- Through water and soil;
- Through direct contact;
- Through the consumption of contaminated food of animal origin;
- Insect bites.
Geohelminths (roundworm, Toxocara) are transmitted through water and soil, which contain eggs. They enter the small intestines by eating unwashed foods or contaminated water. Inside the body, the worm develops and lays new eggs, which, together with the faeces fall into the environment to infect another person. Feature geohelminthoses is that they can infect humans by penetrating their eggs through the skin of the feet (especially chapped and dry skin).
Very common this method of infection, as direct contact. You can become infected from Pets, in organisms which are already inhabited by worms. During the game, joint activities or hand contact with dogs or cats, eggs of worms are on the surface of the hair, penetrate the human skin, resulting in infection of the body.
The use of raw or poorly processed meat may cause charging bioeliminable (with the participation of an intermediate host). In addition to the high risk of infestation, there is a possibility of contact with the human body to intestinal infection, which will also have to fight.
Infection through insect bites is rare. However, they can convey people the following types of diseases: kantarias of myiasis, scoleciasis.
Children exposed to helminth infection most adults. This is because they have active contact with the external environment and weak immune system. So the child up to 6 years is under high threat of infection. 4-5 years, almost all children are infected with worms.
Symptoms
Parasites come in different sizes — from microscopic to several meters in length. Different and their habitat in the human body: the liver, intestines, muscles, etc. Despite such a clear contrast, when infected by the organism manifest the common symptoms of parasitic infestation, including:
- Intoxication;
- Allergies;
- Reduction of body weight;
- Temperature rise;
- Anemia;
- Intestinal disorders;
- Changes in food preferences;
- Itching around the anus.
Parasites at the time of their life can produce toxins that poison the human body. Signs of intoxication are: headache, nausea, change of appetite, weakness and irritability.
Health of the skin may indicate the presence of parasites. When parasitic infestations may be the following symptoms: rash, acne rosacea, urticaria. If an allergic reaction was diagnosed until the appearance of parasites can cause aggravation on the background of infection: swelling of mucous membranes, a bronchospasm, and others.
The decrease in body mass is most pronounced in children. If you have a good appetite the child may lose weight. A symptom characterized by the presence in the body of helminthiasis. Body temperature in this case may not exceed 37.5 degrees Celsius.
Symptoms of anemia: pale skin, weakness, dizziness. This is one of the first signs of infection with worms. Parasites feeding on vitamins, trace elements that enter the human organism together with food. They destroy red blood cells and cause anemia.
Parasites negatively affect digestive function, resulting in the observed intestinal disorders. Frequent diarrhea, constipation, pain in the stomach, flatulence the main symptoms of parasitic infestation.
Some types of parasites (e.g., Echinococcus) cause cravings for spicy, salty and smoked food.
Another common symptom of the presence of worms is itching around the anus. With a slight suspicion for the presence of parasitic infestation, you should contact your doctor for a complete examination.
Diagnosis
If a person suspects that his body was populated by worms, he should contact the Parasitology-infectious diseases. In the public clinics usually such doctor no. In his absence we should refer to a gastroenterologist.
To diagnose the parasites, you will need to pass tests:
- Blood;
- Cala;
- On instrumental examination.
The presence of worms affect the structure of the blood. In her laboratory study can be detected by eosinophils — are cells that belong to the group of leukocytes. They help physicians to identify pathology such as infection and parasitic infestation. But before you put the final diagnosis, it should be understood that such cells are produced and Allergy. To determine whether the human body has parasites, you will need to pass other tests.
Cal will show whether the content of helminth eggs. Analysis is assigned to all potential patients, without exception, if you suspect the presence of worms in the body.
Some types of parasites (such as Echinococcus) are populated in the bodies of human. To diagnose their presence, you will need to carry out the instrumental examination: chest x-ray, fibrogastroduodenoscopy, ultrasound examination of abdominal zone. If a positive result will require immediate treatment.
Treatment of parasites
The disease can be treated with anthelmintic drugs depending on the patient's condition and the type of worms in the body. However, many of them have contraindications and side effects. Therefore, depending on the patient, the treatment regimen set individually.
For quick recovery prescribe the following treatment methods:
- Medication;
- Folk;
- Diet.
These methods can be used separately (as a prevention) and in aggregate (for maximum effect in the treatment).
Medication
Popular drugs from worms are made in the form of tablets. But there are also suspension and rectal suppositories. Suspension is more designed for children who can't chew properly or swallow the tablet. Suppositories have minimal side effects, but their efficiency is not one hundred percent. If worms live outside of the bowel, rectal suppository won't help.
Food rules
To get rid of parasitic infestation quickly, if along with medications to eat properly. Certain foods creates a unfavorable for the worms environment, with the result that they tend to leave the body.
A list of plant products against worms:
- Garlic;
- Strawberries;
- Apricot pits;
- The juice of ripe melon without chemicals;
- Raw carrots and seeds;
- Dried lemon bone;
- Pumpkin seeds and watermelon.
In the treatment using drugs it is important to follow a proper diet. The feed composition must be a lot of protein.
To be included in the diet of dairy products – fermented baked milk, whey, yogurt. They contain protein, which facilitates the liver and removes from it the fat cells. Do not forget about fiber intake. It has a positive effect on the system of the gastrointestinal tract. Contains in fruits, vegetables, wholemeal bread.
Harmful products in the presence of the worms:
- Sweets;
- Cereals;
- Potatoes;
- Flour;
- Pasta.
In the treatment of parasitic infestation should be excluded bad habits: alcoholic beverages and tobacco. They contain substances which destroy the vitamin group and amino acids.
Folk remedies
Traditional medicine has in its Arsenal a lot of plants (garlic, onion, pepper, pumpkin seeds), which effectively combats worms. Pros popular recipes: no side effects, have anti-Allergy, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying properties.
Below are some recipes of traditional medicine.
Known anthelmintic plant is tansy. It is composed of essential oil of tansy, and the component thujone, which have a paralytic effect on parasitic infestation. The plant detrimental effect on ascarids and pinworms. Method of preparation: add a Cup of boiling water 1 tablespoon of tansy plants, then filter. Method of application: to drink a tincture to 3 times a day for 1 tbsp 30 minutes before a meal.
Wormwood since ancient times, is used against worms. The plant is used against Giardia, ascarids and tapeworms. Grass prepare alcohol tincture. Dosage: 20 drops of tincture on alcohol 3 times/day 30 minutes before eating.
Grenades great fights parasite. It consists of components that will relieve the patient from tapeworms and roundworms. Method of preparation: grind the peel of pomegranate and brew it in 750 ml of water. Method of use: drink within 90 minutes in three doses of 250 ml. During this time, anything is prohibited. After 4 hours after the last drink a laxative pill.
In garlic are volatile and essential oils. They have a good anthelmintic effect. The plant fights well with round worms. Method of use: eat one clove of garlic in the morning, afternoon and evening.
Another effective remedy is tincture of walnuts. The fruit contains active substances, which normalize metabolic processes. Tincture restores the gastro-intestinal tract and has a beneficial effect on the thyroid. Preparation: is made with vodka in proportions — 5 whole peeled walnuts 200 grams of vodka. Let it brew for a day. Dosage: one teaspoon every morning before Breakfast.
Against parasitic infestation excellent folk remedies are also onions, nettle, clove, burdock, dandelion and other plants. Actively practiced enemas (for example, against pinworms). But it should be noted that traditional methods of treatment are more preventive than basic.
Before the treatment the popular methods consult your doctor.
Prevention
Prevention of worms involves the observance of personal hygiene, thorough washing of vegetables and fruits. Before eating meat dishes, you should make sure that it has passed the heat treatment.
Fans of salted and dried fish must reconsider their preferences. These products include checking the worms that are dangerous to health and life of man. In the presence of Pets and frequent contact with them, once in six months or a year it is necessary to carry out prophylaxis of helminth infections and, if infected — treat.